宁波天封塔塔砖铭文的整理与研究

The Collation and Study of the Brick Inscriptions of Tianfeng Pagoda in Ningbo

位于宁波城区的天封塔,始筑于南宋绍兴年间,历史上经历了多次重修。20世纪80年代,因塔身危斜而进行了落架大修,共编号了八千余块铭文塔砖。这批铭文塔砖大部分被重新砌入新塔,现仍有八百余块保存,多为用于元代泰定三年(1126)至至顺元年(1130)间大修时的塔砖。塔砖上的铭文有阴刻、模印、朱书、墨书等,以模印和朱书为主。铭文内容多为佛教经咒和功德主题名。这些铭文部分反映了赞助人的身份、居住地、家族关系等内容,体现了社会各阶层对修塔活动的广泛参与。铭文中的经卷、经咒信息也反映出了密宗在宋元时期的持续影响,以及佛教发展的世俗化趋势。

Located in Ningbo city,Tianfeng Pagoda was built in the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty and has undergone several restorations throughout its history.In the 1980s,the pagoda was overhauled due to its dangerous slope,and more than 8,000 inscribed pagoda bricks were numbered.Most of these bricks were rebuilt into the new tower,and today there are still more than 800 bricks preserved,mostly for the restoration of the pagoda between the third year of Taiding period(1126 AD)and the first year of Zhishun period(1130 AD)in the Yuan Dynasty.The inscriptiontechniques on the bricks include intaglio,print inscription,cinnabarinscription,ink inscription and so on,with print inscription and cinnabar inscription being the main ones.Most of the inscriptions contain Buddhist mantras,and the names of the donors.These inscriptions partly reflect the identity,residence,family relations and other aspects of the donors,as well as the broad participation of all social classes in pagoda restoration activities.The scriptures and mantras on the bricks also reflect the continuous influence of Tantrism in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,as well as the secularization trend in the development of Buddhism.