“共相”与“殊相”:日本江户时代文庙释奠祭器的取舍

The Univesal and the Particular:Choice of Shidian Ritual Vessel in the Edo Period

日本江户时代随着儒学的兴盛,地方大名纷纷设立藩校,奉祀儒家圣贤。在祭祀仪式中,祭器承担着重要的祭祀功能与礼制意义。江户时代对祭器系统的来源,既有聂崇义的《三礼图》体系,也有宣和年间所编纂的《博古图》体系,呈现出东亚文庙祭器体系的共相。但是近世日本并非完全模仿中国的礼器制度,在形制与材质上都体现出自我的独特性,从而呈现出殊相。

During the Edo period,Confucianism was gaining ground in Japan,and the Daimyos established han schools to honor Confucian sages,where the ritual vessels bear ritualistic functions and ideological significance.In Edo period,the choice of ritual vessels varies between Nie Chongyi’s sanli tu(Illustrated Catalogue of the Three Rites)system and the xuanhe bogu tu(Xuanhe Illustrated Catalogue of Antiquities)system;such variations demonstrate the universal aspect among East Asian Confucian temple rites.However,modern Japan has its particularity in that it does not imitate Chinese system of ritual objects in its entirety,displaying uniqueness in terms of its design and materials.