2014—2018年乌鲁木齐农村中小学生营养状况分析

Analysis of nutritional status of rural primary and middle school students in Urumqi from 2014 to 2018

目的了解2014—2018年乌鲁木齐农村中小学生营养与健康状况,为营养改善与干预提供基础数据和科学依据。方法分层随机抽取5所乌鲁木齐农村哨点观察学校,从乌鲁木齐市中小学生健康体检数据库中调取这些学校近五年的体检数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果营养不良检出率2018年最高(8.56%),女生均高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.267,P<0.05),男生以初中学段最高(10.39%)、女生以小学低段最高(12.47%);肥胖检出率2015年最高(21.35%),男女生差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.103,P<0.05),男生以小学高段最高(23.85%)、女生以初中学段最高(20.38%);贫血检出率男生以小学低段最高(13.50%)、女生以初中学段最高(21.33%),不同学段差异有统计学意义(χ~2=33.145,P<0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐农村中小学生呈现出营养不良和肥胖双重问题;应加强学生营养、改善营养不良,同时还应控制热量,避免肥胖发生。

Objective To understand the nutritional and health status of rural adolescents in Urumqi from 2014 to 2018,and to provide basic data and scientific basis for nutrition intervention and improvement.Methods The data were obtained from the annual physical examination of all primary and middle school students conducted by Urumqi Primary and middle School Health Care Center(2014-2018).The rural sentinel observation schools for National Student Physical Health Survey in Urumqi were selected hierarchically and analyzed in this study.SPSS 19.0 software was taken for statistical analysis.Results The highest malnutrition detection rate was in 2018(8.56%),and higher in girls than in boys,with significant statistic difference(χ~2=4.267,P<0.05).The highest detection rate of malnutrition for boys was in the middle school group(10.39%)and for girls in the junior grade group of primary school(12.47%).The peak detection rate of obesity was in 2015(21.35%),and the comparison between the male and female showed significant difference(χ~2=8.103,P<0.01).The highest detection rate of obesity was 23.85%for boys in the senior grade group of primary school and 20.38%for girls in the middle school group.The highest detection rate of anemia was 13.50%for male students in the junior grade group of primary school and 21.33%for the female students in the middle school group.Comparison among the different grade groups showed statistical difference(χ~2=33.145,P<0.05).Conclusions These data indicated the double problems of malnutrition and obesity in the rural students in Urumqi.Nutritional intervention should be reinforced in the students to improve their malnutrition,as well as controlling calories to avoid obesity.