黑龙江省不同大豆品种根系分布特征及与产量的关系

Root Distribution Characteristics of Different Soybean Varieties in Heilongjiang Province and the Relationship with Yield

为明确黑龙江省大豆根系的分布特征以及大豆根系与产量的关系,本研究以黑龙江省主栽大豆品种合丰55和嫩丰18为材料,采用水平分层和垂直分段两种不同的栽培装置,对两个大豆品种的根表面积、根干物质、根比表面积、根系伤流量、产量和产量构成因素进行了分析和比较。结果表明:大豆根系的80.6%存在于垂直0~20 cm土层内,55.6%存在于水平0~5 cm土层内。大豆的根系伤流重量分布范围是0.5~6.4 g,比表面积分布范围是17.6~67.9 m2·kg-1。合丰55和嫩丰8的单株荚数与其单株产量分别呈显著正相关(0.710*)和极显著正相关(0.908**)。在R5期,大豆在垂直0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层内的根表面积分别与单株产量呈显著负相关(-0.794*)和显著正相关(0.837*),在垂直120~140 cm土层内的根干重与单株产量呈极显著正相关(0.904**)。大豆产量的提高主要依靠单株荚数的增加来实现;提高R5期垂直20~40 cm土层内的根表面积和垂直120~140 cm土层内的根干重、降低R5期垂直0~20 cm土层内的根表面积,对提高大豆产量具有重要意义。

Root system is an important organ that determines crop yield.It is of great significance to define root distribution characteristics in guiding agricultural production and cultivating new crop varieties.In order to clarify the distribution characteristics of soybean roots and the relationship between soybean roots and yield in Heilongjiang province,this study used Hefeng 55 and Nenfeng 18,main soybean varieties of Heilongjiang province,as experimental materials,which used two different cultivation devices:Horizontal device and vertical device in 2015 at the Lindian County Test Base in Daqing city,Heilongjiang province with completely random block design.The root surface area,root dry weight,specific surface area,root bleeding sap weight,yield and yield components of two soybean varieties were analyzed and compared.The results showed that 80.6%of the soybean root was in the vertical 0-20 cm soil layer,and 55.6%was in the horizontal 0-5 cm soil layer.The distribution range of root bleeding sap weight of soybean was 0.5-6.4 g.The distribution range of specific surface area of soybean was 17.6-67.9 m2·kg-1.The number pods per plant of Hefeng 55 and Nenfeng 18 were significantly(0.710*)and highly significantly(0.908**)positively correlated with yield,respectively.In R5,the root surface area of soybean in the vertical soil layer of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm showed significant negative correlation(-0.794*)and significant positive correlation(0.837*)with the yield per plant,respectively;the root dry weight in the vertical soil layer of 120-140 cm was significantly positively correlated with the yield per plant(0.904**).The increase of soybean yield mainly depended on the increase of the number pods per plant.It is of great significance to increase the root surface area in the vertical soil layer of 20-40 cm and the dry weight in the vertical soil layer of 120-140 cm and reduced the root surface area in the vertical soil layer of 0-20 cm for improving the soybean yield in R5.This study aims to provide theoretical reference for soybean breeding and water and fertilizer management in Heilongjiang province.