服务主导逻辑理念下的制造业费用结构及其演化趋势

Expense Structure of Manufacturing Industries and Its Historical Evolutionary Trend:The Service-Oriented Perspective

为探究服务主导逻辑理念下制造业费用结构及其演化趋势,本文在理论分析企业经营逻辑转变原因及其费用结构表现的基础上,界定商品生产费用与服务提供费用的具体项目,实际测算制造业上市公司费用结构及其变化。研究表明:(1)服务主导逻辑的发展趋势对制造业费用结构产生了深刻影响,表现为服务提供费用比重的显著上升和商品生产费用比重的显著下降。(2)2007~2019年,制造业上市公司整体的服务提供费用占商品生产费用和服务提供费用之和的比重由2007年的10.50%上升到2019年的15.13%,增加了4.63个百分点;从细分行业来看,主要来自医药制造业和仪器仪表等细分行业的驱动;从具体项目来看,主要来自管理费用和销售费用的驱动。(3)2007~2019年,制造业上市公司中以服务提供费用为主的上市公司数量占制造业上市公司数的比重从4.51%上升到8.67%,上升了4.16个百分点,主要来自医药制造业、专用设备制造业等细分行业的驱动。

Based on theoretical analysis of the transition of operating focus and the resulting changes in the expense structure in manufacturing industries,we define specific items related to commodity production expenses and service provision expenses so as to measure the expense structure of listed manufacturing firms and explore,from the service-oriented perspective,the expense structure in manufacturing industries and its historical evolutionary trend.We show that(1)the service-oriented perspective has significantly increased the proportion of service provision expenses relative to that of commodity production expenses,suggesting a profound impact of the service-oriented perspective on the expense structure of manufacturing industries;(2)the service provision expenses account for 10.50%of the total expenses of both commodity production and service provision in 2007,but this figure increases to 15.13%in 2019,indicating an increase of 4.63 percentage points from 2007 to 2019.The analysis of industry breakdown reveals that the increase is driven by pharmaceutical,instrumentation,and some other related industries.The analysis of the breakdown of detailed expense items indicates that the increase is driven by administrative and sales expenses;(3)the fraction of listed manufacturing companies with dominant service provision expenses has increased from 4.51%to 8.67%,an increase of 4.16 percentage points.Most of these companies come from pharmaceutical,special equipment,and some other related industries.