我国区域教育数据开放的现状、问题与对策

Educational data availability on Chinese local government platforms:status quo,problems and solutions

在互联网蓬勃发展和开放数据运动兴起的大背景下,各国政府开始将开放数据列入大数据实施战略,英美等国家率先建立政府开放平台,力求在各个领域实现数据开放。在此潮流下我国也开始尝试公开各级各类信息,利用开放数据推动行业发展。开放教育数据具有提高政府透明度、促进教育机构正确决策、加强全民参与等现实意义,而政府开放数据是现阶段教育开放数据的主要表现形式。为全面了解我国区域教育数据开放的现状,文章基于文献研究法和案例研究法,从法律和政策视角探讨了我国教育数据开放的依据,调查了14个省级政府开放平台和15个地市级政府开放平台的功能和教育数据开放的实际情况,并结合国外教育数据开放的优秀实践进行了比较。分析了教育数据开放平台在数据开放许可和隐私保护制度、平台功能和服务水平、数据归集、发布和更新、数据价值和质量以及数据利用等方面的问题。最后对我国区域教育数据开放提出了一些参考建议:制定和完善教育数据开放的法律法规;提高建设水平,优化用户体验;完善管理、评价和监督体系;注重数据开放标准和数据质量控制;吸引专业人士和机构参与,鼓励全民应用等。

Against the backdrop of the booming Internet and the rising open data movement,governments across the world have begun to include open data in their big data implementation strategies.China is also beginning to follow suit.The opening of educational data can contribute to government transparency,effective decision-making in educational institutions,and social engagement.This study accesses 14 provincial government platforms and 15 prefecture-level government platforms in China to investigate their functions and educational data availability.Discussion is informed by relevant literature as well as policies,laws and regulations.The findings are then compared with best practice in other countries.Gaps are identified between China and other countries in terms of data opening permission and privacy protection;platform function and service quality;data collection,release and update;data value and quality,and data reuse.Suggestions are also made concerning relative areas.