英国政府关于中英香港问题谈判决策过程初探(1982~1984年)——基于英国解密外交档案的解读

Exploration of the British Government on Decision Process of the Talks on the Question of Hong Kong Between China and British from 1982 to 1984——Based on the British Declassified Diplomatic Files

英国政府解密档案文件显示,1982~1984年中英关于香港问题谈判过程中,在香港主权归属问题上,英国政府制定了"主权换治权"的谈判策略,即以中国在香港行使名义上的主权换取英国的实际管理权和控制权。在香港驻军问题上,英国极力反对中国人民解放军进驻香港,甚至提出了以香港内部安全部队取代中国人民解放军驻港的方案。在设立中英联合联络小组问题上,英国亦是极力阻止,一度使中英双方谈判面临破裂的边缘。从英国制定政策的实际效果和谈判结果来看,英国在上述核心问题上都未实现其既定目标,这从侧面反映出中国政府恢复对香港行使主权的坚定意志和智慧。从谈判的历史遗留影响来看,英国并不愿意就此彻底放弃香港,而是要在之后的不同时期尽可能地采取其他多种方式和手段,保持自身在香港的最大利益和延续对香港事务的影响。

With the British government recent declassified diplomatic files reveling,in the process of the talks on the question of Hong Kong between China and British from 1982 to 1984,the British government made the strategy of"Sovereignty Replace Administration"on the attribution question of Hong Kong sovereignty,that is with Chinese nominal sovereignty over Hong Kong replacing British actual administration and control authority.The British government stronglyopposed to the stationing of PLA troops in Hong kong,even put forward with an internal security force repalcing the plan of the stationing of PLA troops in Hong Kong on the question of the stationing of troops.The British Government also greatly prevented on estalishing the joint liaison group between China and British,mading their Talks the edge of breakdown.From the point of view of actual result of British decision and the result of talks,the targeted goals as above had not come true,which reflects strong will and wisdom of the Chinese government on recoving sovereignty over Hong Kong.From the point of view of the longstanding effect of talks,British did not give up Hong Kong,but keep British the best interests in Hong Kong and continue affacting HongKong’s affairs by using various other ways and means in different periods.