“非政治”“免疫”和“非人格”——罗伯托·埃斯波西托的政治哲学术语变革

Impolitical,Immunitas,and Impersonal——Roberto Esposito's Transformation of Terms in Political Philosophy

为了解决20世纪政治哲学面临的“绝对性”危机,埃斯波西托从改造其术语系统出发,通过“非”的方式对既有术语进行重释,同时又注入医学上、哲学上和法律上的概念,对其进行了一场政治哲学的术语变革。具体说来,埃斯波西托对通过“非政治”“免疫”“非人格”这三重范畴进行的“术语变革”来建构其理论范式,形成了其独特的理论自觉。通过掀起这样一场“术语变革”,埃斯波西托摆脱了原有政治哲学分析范式的束缚,消解了政治哲学的绝对地位,以“非”为研究视角对政治哲学中的政治、共同体和人格概念赋予了全新内涵,从而构建出能够解释当代西方生命政治现实的全新政治哲学。这一术语范式的转化,无疑为我们把握当代社会提供了新的视角,为推进重新考察社会内部秩序结构关系提供了新的思考方式,从而实现了对现代社会的政治哲学进行理论范式的更新。

In order to solve the“absoluteness”crisis faced by political philosophy in the 20th century,Esposito,starting from reforming its terminology system,reinterpreted the existing terms by means of“non”,and at the same time injected the concepts of medicine,philosophy and law,and carried out a terminology reform of political philosophy.To be specific,Esposito constructed his theoretical paradigm through the“terminological transformation”of the triple categories of“impolitics”,“immunitas”and“impersonal”,and formed his unique theoretical consciousness.By setting off such a“terminology revolution”,Esposito broke away from the shackles of the original analytical paradigm of political philosophy,dispelled the absolute position of political philosophy,and gave a new connotation to the concepts of politics,community and personality in political philosophy from the perspective of“non”,thus building a new political philosophy that can explain the contemporary western life and political reality.The transformation of this terminology paradigm undoubtedly provides a new perspective for us to grasp contemporary society,and provides a new way of thinking for promoting the reexamination of the internal order and structural relationships in society,thus achieving a theoretical paradigm update of political philosophy in modern society.