基于奇异性的历史叙述

Accounting for History on the Basis of Singularities

是否可能、如何可能对有据可考的历史做出某种意义上有用的理解,是历史哲学的核心问题之一。与德国唯心主义和诠释学的思路不同,马克思主义更加严格地限定了认识历史的条件,把不完全由主体控制的历史事件和行动作为这些条件的关键因素,从而在历史认识的前提中加入了现实的维度。在这一思想传统中,马克思把理解历史的条件识别为社会的自我批判,本雅明把当下的行动确立为认识历史事件的条件,而巴迪乌通过引入一种新的理念性,把基于奇异性的历史重构看作对永恒的认识。

Whether and how it is possible to gain an,in some sense,useful understanding of well-documented history is one of the primary problems for the philosophy of history.Unlike the German Idealist and hermeneutic approaches,Marxism more rigorously limits the conditions of knowing history by making historical events and actions that are not entirely under the control of the subject a key element of those conditions,thus adding a dimension of reality to the premises of historical understanding.In this intellectual tradition,Marx identifies self-critique of society as a condition of knowing history,Benjamin establishes as a condition of knowing historical events the present of action,and Badiou,introducing a new conception of the Idea,considers the reconstruction of history on the basis of singularities as the knowledge of eternity.