海德格尔重生

Heidegger Redivivus

虽然《历史与阶级意识》和《存在与时间》的思想关联是学术领域讨论至今的一桩公案,但历史地看,卢卡奇和海德格尔的实际交集并不多。后者只是在1949年8月12日给雅斯贝尔斯的一封信中提到了“卢卡奇眼下在柏林的一份杂志上针对我而进行的诉讼攻击”。这个被海德格尔一带而过的“诉讼攻击”,指向卢卡奇1949年发表在柏林左派杂志《意义与形式》第1卷第3期的《海德格尔重生》一文。此文虽然在1951年被收入卢卡奇的《生存主义还是马克思主义》一书,但并未随1962年出版的中译本《存在主义还是马克思主义》一道被翻译过来。此文是卢卡奇对海德格尔思想的首次直接评述,基于政治性解读的立场,一方面,战前的海德格尔思想被卢卡奇冠以极端主观主义的、为纳粹统治营造思想氛围的“前法西斯主义”之名,另一方面,1947年发表的《关于人本主义的书信》一文,则被卢卡奇视作海德格尔对其战前思想彻底失败了的“后法西斯主义”的辩护。《海德格尔重生》总体上奠定了随后《理性的毁灭》和《关于社会存在的本体论》中卢卡奇批判海德格尔的基调和观点。

Although the conceptional connection between History and Class Consciousness and Being and Time is a public case that has been continuously discussed in related academic fields to this day,historically said,the actual intersection between Lukács and Heidegger is not much.The latter only mentioned in a letter to Jaspers on August 12,1949 that"Lukács is currently launching a lawsuit against me in a magazine in Berlin".This"lawsuit attack"that Heidegger passed by points to Lukacs’article"Heidegger redivivus"published in 1949 in the Berlin leftish magazine Meaning and Form Vol.1,No.3.This article was included in Lukács’Existentialism or Marxism?in 1951,but it was not translated together with the Chinese translation of that book published in 1962.This article is Lukács’first direct comment on Heidegger’s thought.Based on a political interpretation,on the one hand,Heidegger’s pre-war thought was labelled by Lukács as extremely subjectiv pre-fascism,in the service of creating an ideological atmosphere for Nazi’s rule.On the other hand,the"Letter on Humanism"published in 1947 was regarded by Lukacs as Heidegger’s aborted"post-fascistic"defense for his pre-war thoughts."Heidegger redivivus"generally laid the tone and viewpoint of Lukács’criticism of Heidegger in the subsequent Destruction of Reason and On the Ontology of Social Being.