“自然状态”里的秘密:兼评麦克弗森政治哲学研究

The Secret inside"the State of Nature"——On Macpherson’s Political Philosophy

麦克弗森通过其研究指出霍布斯所宣称的“自然状态”实质是一种社会状态。霍布斯在其中预设了“占有性市场社会”这一不明言的前提,故而其所宣扬的普遍性并不能真正成立。但借助与施特劳斯的分野,不难发现麦克弗森虽然破除对“自然状态”的迷信,却过分坚持“原子式的个人”这一作为“自然状态”得以成立的理论预设,因此有其自身无法克服的局限。然而,施特劳斯所提供的视角在多大程度上能成为当下我们反思西方现代文明的有效手段,又是一个需要深入思考的问题。

Through his research,Macpherson pointed out that"the State of Nature"claimed by Hobbes is actually a social state.Hobbes presupposed the unspoken premise of"possessive market society",so the universality advocated by him cannot really be established.But with the help of Leo Strauss,it is not difficult to find that although Macpherson broke the superstition of"the State of Nature",he insisted on the theoretical presupposition called"atomic individual".Therefore,it has its own limitations that can not be overcome.However,to what extent the perspective provided by Strauss can become an effective means for us to reflect on modern western civilization,it is also a question that needs to be deeply considered.