财产作为一种权利的意义与困境——理解麦克弗森理论整体的一条线索

Meanings and Difficulties:Property as A Right A Clue to Understanding the Whole of Macpherson's Theory

麦克弗森的理论中存在着双重维度:在思想史解读方面,他将"占有性个人主义"视为17世纪英国政治思想史所共享的核心预设;在现实批判方面,他通过"参与式民主"试图克服当代西方社会的种种问题。麦克弗森是在与当代自由主义理论关注的核心问题(财产权)的争论中展开自己的理论的,因而财产权是理解其理论整体的一条线索。基于思想史解读,麦克弗森试图把财产权的排他性从当代西方社会中剥离出来并将其归罪于17世纪;通过现实批判,他以一种收益财产权试图解决当代西方社会私有制的问题,并辅之以"参与式民主"的制度保障。但问题是,财产的权利转向并没有抓住私有制的本质特征,因而麦克弗森的理论在某种意义上与当代自由主义理论相妥协。

Macpherson's theory contained two dimensions:in the interpretation history of political thought,he taken"possessive individualism"as the central presupposition shared by the history of 17th century British political thought.In the aspect of realistic criticism,he tried to overcome many difficulties in contemporary western society through the theory of"participatory democracy".McPherson developed his own theory during dialogued with contemporary liberal theory.Especially he talked about the core issue(property)with contemporary liberal theory,so property is a clue to understanding the whole of Macpherson's theory.According to the interpretation history of political thought,he tried to separate the exclusive of property from contemporary western society and blamed it on the 17th century.Through realistic criticism,he tried to solve the problem of private property in contemporary western society by a kind of revenue property and supplemented by the institutional guarantee of"participatory democracy".But the problem is that the property as a right does not capture the essential characteristics of private property,so in a sense Macpherson's theory is compromised with contemporary liberal theory.