主体、辩证法与历史——论奈格里对马克思《大纲》的创造性发展

Subject,Dialectic and History:On Negri’s creative development of Marx’s Grundrisse

在奈格里的理论当中,马克思的《1857—1858年经济学手稿》(简称《大纲》)提供了至关重要的理论价值,特别是《大纲》为奈格里的理论和意大利自治运动提供了主体性、对抗性的视角,甚至是解构辩证法的理论资源。在这个意义上,奈格里强调《大纲》超越了《资本论》,也超越了把握总体性的辩证法的马克思主义。然而在马克思原本的理论当中,作为历史主体的无产阶级的革命走的是一条辩证法的道路,主体、辩证法与历史的关系密不可分。本文以主体、辩证法与历史为理论视角,试图探索奈格里对马克思《大纲》的创造性发展,并对奈格里的解读的意义与局限性加以讨论。本文认为,奈格里的解读虽然卓有成效,但同时忽略了马克思辩证法的真实力量,也曲解了《资本论》的理论意义,对问题的恰当理解仍要返回到马克思的理论当中。

For Antonio Negri,Marx’s Grundrisse provides vital value for his theory and the Italian Autonomous Movement,which contains the subjective and antagonistic perspective and even the deconstruction of the dialectic.In this sense,Negri emphasizes that the Grundrisse is beyond the Capital and also the Marxist theory which holds the dialectic of totality.However,in Marx’s original theory,the revolution of the proletariat(as the subject of history)follows a dialectical path,and the relationship among subject,dialectic and history is inseparable.This article,with the perspective of the subject,dialectic and history,attempts to explore Negri’s creative development of Marx’s Grundrisse,and discusses the significance and limitations of Negris interpretation.This article considers that although Negri’s interpretation is effective,he ignores the true value of Marx’s dialectic and distorts the theoretical significance of the Capital.We still need to return to Marx’s theory for the proper understanding of the problems above.