绝对历史主义学说的“理论重构”与“反向格义”——论葛兰西绝对历史主义研究的两条路径

The ‘Theoretical Reconstruction’ and ‘Reverse Analogical Interpretation’ of Absolute Historicism——On Two Approaches to Gramsci’s Absolute Historicism

葛兰西对"绝对历史主义"一词界定上的模糊性,造成了对其理论研究的极大难度。从现有研究成果看,葛兰西历史主义思想的研究大多采取"理论重构"与"反向格义"两种路径。具体而言,学界对历史主义问题的研究,或是依循着葛兰西的其他概念(如世界观概念、文化霸权概念)出发的"理论重构",或是借由与其他思想资源对话后的"反向格义"。对于前者,绝对历史主义的往往是通过葛兰西对政治实践问题的思考反推出对历史主义理论的定向依据,继而产开对其"理论重构";而对于后者,对绝对历史主义的读解反而依赖于当代思想家对阿尔都塞"反历史主义"思潮的吸收与回应,继而达成"他山之石可以攻玉"意义上的"反向格义"。在葛兰西未能清晰言明历史主义本身的定义,对历史主义"理论重构"与"反向格义"这两种解读方式,未尝不是可行的研究路径。

Gramsci’s ambiguity in defining the term‘absolute historicism’made it extremely difficult to study his theory.Regarding the existing research results,the researches of Gramsci’s historicism t mostly adopts two approaches,one is called as‘theoretical reconstruction"and another called as‘reverse analogical interpretation’.Precisely,The academic research on historicism is either based on Gramsci’s other concepts(such as the concept of worldview,or concept of cultural hegemony)based on‘theoretical reconstruction’,or by the"reverse analogical interpretation"after dialogue with other theoretical resources.For the former,absolute historicism is often based on Gramsci’s consideration of political practice issues to infer the directional basis for the theory of historicism,and then produce its‘theoretical reconstruction’;for the latter,the construction of the theory of absolute historicism depends on the absorption and response of contemporary thinkers to Althusser’s‘anti-historicism’trend,and then achieves the‘reverse interpretation’in the sense of‘the stone of other mountains can be used for jade’.Since Gramsci failed to clearly articulate the definition of absolute historicism,these two approaches above might be feasible research paths.