论卢卡奇的总体性思想——从《小说理论》到《历史与阶级意识》

On Lukacs’ Totality Thought——From Theory of the Novel and History and Class Consciousness

卢卡奇的《小说理论》与嗣后的《历史与阶级意识》在理论路径上具有明显的承继关系。《小说理论》的总问题是对资本主义社会的异化状况进行分析和批判,《历史与阶级意识》也是以对资本主义的批判性研究作为核心内容,而且这种批判都借由总体性理论得到伸张。《小说理论》分析了从古希腊社会到现代资本主义社会的心灵与外部、主体与对象的关系问题,并把这种关系当作总体性的基础;而《历史与阶级意识》也提出了主体与客体的统一与对立,并将其视为分析和超越资本主义异化状况的核心命题。

Lukacs’s Theory of the Novel and the later History and Class Consciousness have an obvious theoretical relationship.Theory of the Novel and History and Class Consciousness discuss the same problem:analyze and criticize the alienation of capitalist society through the totality theory.As far as the totality theory is concerned,the former analyzes the relationship between the mind and the outside,the subject and the object from ancient Greek society to modern capitalist society,and regards this relationship as the basis of totality;the latter also puts forward the unity and opposition of subject and object,and regards it as the core proposition to analyze and transcend the alienation of capitalism.