论阿尔都塞理论的内部张力与结构主义二重性的关系

The Relationship between the Internal Tension of Althusser’s Theory and the Duality of Structuralism

学界对阿尔都塞理论的判断一直存在争论——他是否是结构主义者?是否要跳出结构主义的解读框架认定其是激进的历史-政治理论家?他前后期思想间是否存在鲜明的"断裂"?对阿尔都塞的解读一定要注意到其理论概念的方法论底色。为了满足"哲学是理论中的阶级斗争"这一特殊政治实践需要,阿尔都塞必须始终保持理论实践上的进取姿态,这就必然带来理论内部的巨大张力。结构主义在最根本的意义上是一种分析方法,方法论的底色使结构主义同时具备总体性与差异性、建构性与解构性的二重属性。因而,结构主义与阿尔都塞不是简单的理论"冠名"关系,而是方法上的合作关系。对于阿尔都塞的认识还是要回到马克思的经典主题"理论与实践"的关系中来品评。

There has been controversy in the academic judgment of Althusser’s theory:Is he a structuralist?Is it necessary to step out of the framework of structuralist interpretation and identify it as radical historical-political theory?Was there a clear"rupture"in his early and late thoughts?The interpretation of Althusser must pay attention to the methodological background of his theoretical concepts.In order to meet the special political practice requirement that"philosophy is a class struggle in theory",Althusser must always maintain a progressive attitude in theoretical practice,which will inevitably bring a huge tension within the theory.Structuralism is also an analytical method in the most fundamental sense.The background of the methodology enables structuralism to have the dual attributes of holistic and difference,constructivity and deconstruction.Therefore,structuralism and Althusser are not a simple theoretical"title"relationship,but a methodological cooperative relationship.The understanding of Althusser still needs to return to the relationship between Marx’s classic theme"theory and practice"to evaluate.