私人存在与现代伦理生活的可能性——对《最低限度的道德》的重新考察

The Private Existence and Possibility of Modern Ethical Life——A Review on Adorno’s Minima Moralia

阿多诺将《最低限度的道德》奠基于知识分子私人领域的经验之上。为了把握这一独特立场的方法论意义,首先必须结合《作为形式的论说文》讲述文本中对于断片、经验的陌生化以及反讽的多重运用,进而说明阿多诺"私人存在"区别于卢卡奇的主观讲述与黑格尔的客观讲述,是对于内在批判方法的贯彻。"私人存在"具备双重性,一方面是社会理性化与经济进程对于伦理生命的侵害,另一方面是保存着最后及最小伦理可能性的反思空间,何以协调两者就成为必须解答的理论难题。最后,通过将阿多诺的道德哲学把握为"内在包含着错误的批判性道德理想"与"积蓄着他人相关性与历史织体的苦难经验",形成一种独特的意在守护文明底线的抵抗的伦理学。

Adorno constructs his Minima Moralia on the Intellectual’s experience in the private sphere.In order to understand his unique methodology which can be concluded as Immanent Critique.,we must consider his usage of fragments,the defamiliarization(Verfremdung)of daily experience and irony in the Essay as form and then differs his concept of"die private Existenz"both from Lukacs’subjective illustration and Hegel’s objective illustration.The private existence have two dimensions:one is highly damaged by the rationalization of society and productive process,the other is the refugee of the last and minimal reflexive space,whose tension remains an unsolved theoretical problem.At last,through the interpretation of adorno’s moral philosophy as"critical moral idea inherently bearing the false"and"suffering experience with the historicity and connection between others",Adomo forms an unique ethics of resistance which aims to protect the bottom line of civilization.