百米级高坝重建工程鱼类保护规划研究

Study on Fish Conservation Planning for Reconstruction Project of High Dam

丰满重建工程是国内外第一座原址重建的大型水电工程,其生态环保备受关注。本研究从水文情势、物理化学、生物组成、河流形态以及连通性等鱼类生境生态属性出发,根据鱼类习性及所需生境类型识别出的保护目标所面临的主要胁迫因素,在充分反映水生态现状、结合已有保护措施,以及考虑资金、技术、效益和河流利用等限制条件情况下,本着以新带老、整体设计、分阶段保护和自然修复为主等原则,提出了以连通鱼类生境、增加鱼类资源为整体目标,以生境适宜、生境连通、资源多样和资源稳定为结果导向的适用于第二松花江“干流—支流—湖库”的鱼类生境与资源保护体系,以期为其他水利水电开发流域鱼类保护工作提供参考。

Fengman Reconstruction Project is the first large-scale hydropower project rebuilt on the earth,and its ecological environment protection has attracted much attention.Based on the hydrological situation,physical chemistry,biological composition,river morphology,connectivity and other ecological attributes of habitats,fish habits and required habitat types,the main stress factors faced by the protection targets are identified.In the context of fully reflecting the current situation of fish habitat,combining the existing protection,considering the constraints of capital,technology,benefits and river utilization,and following the principle of using new method to improve the old one,overall design,phased protection and natural restoration,the fish habitat and resources protection system of"main stream,tributary and lake reservoir"suitable for the second Songhua River is put forward with the overall goal of connecting fish habitat and increasing fish resources,and the result orientation of habitat suitability,resources diversity,habitat connectivity and resources stability,in order to provide reference for habitat protection in other river basins.