经济思想史视域下政府作用的理论争议和实践路径——兼对“更好发挥政府作用”的思考

Theoretical Controversy on the Role of Government and Its Practical Approaches Under the Framework of Economic Thought History:A Consideration on ‘Better Government’

政府和市场的关系问题一直是西方经济思想史研究的核心问题。纵观整个经济思想史发展脉络,政府和市场的理论争议与实践分歧并非毫无逻辑,而是遵循时代发展的需要应运而生。党的十八届三中全会提出"使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用"这一重大命题,是中国特色社会主义经济学的新发展。而这一论断的提出落脚地均在政府的作用。政府不仅要承担起完善自身发展的责任,更要肩负起为市场运转提供制度保障的使命。本文从经济思想史视域下探讨政府作用的理论争议,进一步解构政府作用的"质"与"量":即更好地发挥政府作用关键在于实现有限职能范围内配置适度规模与完善政府治理能力和治理效率的统一。

The relationship between the government and the market has always been the core issue in the study of the history of western economic thought. Throughout the development of the entire history of economic thought, the theoretical and practical differences between government and market are not without logic, but have emerged at the historic moment in accordance with the needs of the development of the times. The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has proposed the important proposition that "make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and better play the role of the government", which is a new development of socialist economics with Chinese characteristics. And this argument is put forward in the role of the government. The government must not only assume the responsibility of improving its own development, but also shoulder the mission of providing institutional guarantee for market operation. This paper explores the theoretical controversy of the role of government from the perspective of the history of economic thought, and further deconstructs the "quality" and "quantity" of the role of government: that is, the key to better exerting the role of government lies in achieving a moderate allocation of limited functions and improving government governance and governance efficiency.