近代早期英国普通法法院的转型路径论析

On the Transformation of English Common Law Courts in Early Modern Times

近代早期英国先后爆发了宗教改革、政府革命和两场宪政革命,政治上的变革直接影响了普通法法院的发展道路。在王权与议会的冲突中,夹缝中的普通法法院最终融入议会方主导的革命道路中来,并最终在光荣革命后获得司法独立的政治保障。尽管在理论上普通法法院仍受制于享有至上地位的议会和享有法官任命权的国王,但由于其本身也对王权和议会构成制约,因而它在实质上作为一支宪政力量保持了自身的独立。在政治变革的推动和经验主义法律哲学的塑造下,近代早期英国普通法及普通法法院的转型呈现出一条在传统与变革之间寻找平衡、在保守主义的表象下追求现代性的独特路径。

In the UK,Protestant Reformation,Government Revolution and Constitutional Revolutions directly affected the development of the common law courts.In the conflicts between the king and the parliament,the common law court joined the parliament,and finally realized judicial independence after the Glorious Revolution.Although in theory the common law courts are still subject to the Parliament and the king,it maintains its independence as a constitutional force.Driven by political changes and empiricism legal philosophy,the transformation of English common law and common law courts shows its unique path while seeking balance between tradition and reform and pursuing modernity under the appearance of conservatism.