实现适度生育水平 积极应对人口老龄化

Research on Achieving an Appropriate Birth Rate and Actively Addressing Population Aging

人口是国家最重要的国情,人口均衡发展是中国中长期经济社会行稳致远的"基本盘"。在对"十四五"规划纲要"实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略"进行全面解读的基础上,文章认为生育相关政策将从限制性、处罚性、管制导向的政策体系转向激励生育、便利生育、服务生育、更具包容性的全面生育支持导向。对完善生育支持体系提出建议:放开生育限制,营造良好的包容性生育养育环境;降低生养子女相关的医疗、住房和教育成本,减轻家庭生育养育教育负担;帮助育龄人群平衡工作与家庭,积极构建生育友好型社会;探索创新老幼同乐的代际互助模式,实现代际和谐共赢;重视迁移人口的婚姻生育,有效缓解家庭分离导致的婚姻家庭生活困境。

Population is the most important national condition of the country,and balanced population development is the fundamental of China’s economic and social stability in the long term.On the basis of a comprehensive interpretation of the chapter"Implementing the National Strategy for Addressing Population Aging"in"The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan",this article believes that fertility-related policies will shift from a restrictive,punitive,and regulatory-oriented policy system to a more inclusive and comprehensive fertility support orientation that encourages,facilitates,and serves fertility.There are some suggestions for improving the fertility support system:Liberating birth restriction should be adopted to create an inclusive fertility and nurturing environment;It is important to reduce medical,housing and education costs related to childbearing to reduce burden of families;It is necessary to balance work and life for people of childbearing age and build a fertility-friendly society;Measures should be taken to explore the intergenerational cooperation model for the old and the young,for the purpose of maintaining harmony and win-win situation;It is important to the emphasize childbearing of the migrant population and effectively alleviate the difficulties in family life caused by separation.