从公共风险视角看财政经济学——传统财政经济学观点述评

On Financial Economics from the Perspective of Public Risk——A Summary and Comment on Views of Traditional Financial Economics

传统财政经济学发展至今已经几百年了,细究每个时期每个学派的理论观点,几乎都是围绕政府与市场关系打转转。透过表面的观点,传统财政经济学隐含着诸多不确定性元素和公共风险理念,如传统财政经济学讨论的政府与市场实质都是化解公共风险的手段,传统财政经济学中的财富分配的背后实际是风险分配,传统财政经济学关注的制度实质上是防范化解公共风险的产物,甚至其中的行为经济学和现代货币理论等已经触摸到公共风险理论的边缘。然而,在传统的财政经济学当中,确定性思维的影响是根深蒂固的,虽然这些学说中隐含了大量的不确定性元素,但因其本身存在重大的理论与逻辑缺陷,对公共风险认知也非常局限,最终都陷入理论与现实脱节的僵局。构建现代财政经济学,要以风险社会为背景,以公共风险作为逻辑起点,转向和坚持"以人为本",基于行为主义构建公共风险的治理机制,这样才能构筑起不倒的新财政经济学大厦。

It has been hundreds of years for theoretical development of traditional financial economics.The viewpoints of each school in different periods are always revolving around the relationship between government and market,implicating so many uncertain elements and public risk concepts.For example,the essence of government and market discussed in traditional financial economics is the means to resolve the public risk.The wealth distribution in traditional financial economics is actually the risk distribution.The system concerned by traditional financial economics is essentially the product of preventing and resolving public risks,even behavioral economics and modern monetary theory have touched the edge of public risk theory.However,in traditional financial economics,the influence of deterministic thinking is deeply rooted.Although these theories contain a large number of uncertain elements,because of their own significant theoretical and logical defects and limited cognition of public risk,eventually they all fall into the deadlock of disconnection between theory and reality.To construct modern financial economics,we should take risk society as the background,take public risk as the logical starting point,turn to and adhere to People-oriented direction,and construct the governance mechanism of public risk based on behaviorism.Only in this way can we construct a new building of financial economics that will not collapse.