基于DEA视窗和Malmquist指数的江苏沿海港口效率分析

Efficiency Analysis of Jiangsu Coastal Ports Based on DEA Window and Malmquist Index

江苏省沿海港口效率提升是江苏省海洋经济高质量发展的重要表现.本文综合港口内部运营和腹地经济对港口发展的影响,构建了江苏省沿海港口效率的评价指标体系,综合运用超效率模型、DEA视窗分析、投影分析和Malmquist指数等方法,客观评价了2011—2021年间江苏沿海三个港口的效率演变特征,克服了一般DEA评价时决策单元的最低数限制和不能对有效单元进一步分析评价的不足.结果表明,港口综合效率呈现连云港港>南通港>盐城港的趋势,港口纯技术效率呈现连云港港>盐城港>南通港的趋势,规模无效是盐城港无效的主要原因,投入冗余和资源配置不合理导致了南通港技术无效;江苏省沿海三个港口的生产效率总体上处于提升状态,技术进步是影响江苏沿海港口全要素生产率的最主要因素.

The promotion of coastal ports efficiency in Jiangsu is an important manifestation of the high-quality development of marine economy in Jiangsu Province.Based on the influence of hinterland economy on port development and integrating the port internal operation,the evaluation index system of coastal ports efficiency in Jiangsu province is constructed.The methods of super efficiency model,DEA window analysis,projection analysis and Malmquist index are comprehensively used to objectively evaluate the efficiency evolution characteristics of three coastal ports in Jiangsu from 2011 to 2021,which overcomes the limitation of the minimum number and the difficulty of further analysis about effective units in general DEA evaluation.The results show that comprehensive efficiency of the port shows the phenomenon of Lianyungang Port>Nantong Port>Yancheng port,pure technical efficiency of the port shows the phenomenon of Lianyungang Port>Yancheng port>Nantong port.The ineffectiveness of sacle is the main reason for the ineffectiveness of Yangcheng port,redundant investment and unreasonable resource allocation lead to the technology ineffectiveness of Nantong port,production efficiency of the three coastal ports in Jiangsu is generally in a state of improvement,and technological progress is the most important factor affecting the total factor productivity of Jiangsu coastal ports.