教育公平视角下“国家贫困地区义务教育工程”对人力资本的影响

The Impact of“National Compulsory Education Project in Poor Areas”on Human Capital from the Perspective of Educational Equity

提高贫困地区人口的人力资本,对缩小贫富差距,改善教育不平等现状,促进社会公平具有重要意义。鉴于此,本文利用2013年和2018年中国家庭收入调查项目(CHIP)数据集中的农村个体数据,采用混合截面双重差分法,分析了1995~1997年针对二片地区实施的“国家贫困地区义务教育工程”(以下简称“义教工程”)的政策效应。研究结果表明,“义教工程”的实施能够提高受益个体的人力资本,具体表现为,在短期内,该项政策提高了受益儿童的高中入学概率,长期影响则是该项政策提高了受益儿童成年后的受教育年限、收入水平以及就业质量。在采用PSM⁃DID的方法进行稳健性检验后,上述结论仍稳健。异质性分析表明,对于女性群体以及非独生子女群体,“义教工程”对其短期和长期影响更为显著。

Improving the human capital of people in poor areas has important implications for closing the gap between rich and poor,improving educational inequality and promoting social equity.Therefore,this paper choose rural individual data from 2013 and 2018 which from Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP)to analyze the policy effect of“National Compulsory Education Project in China's Poor Areas”implemented in two regions from 1995 to 1997 by using mixed cross-section data DID method.The research results show that the implementation of“The National Compulsory Education Project in China's Poor Areas”policies can improve the human capital of the individuals who benefit.Specifically,in the short term,the policy improves the probability of high school enrollment of the beneficiaries,while in the long term,the policy improves the years of education,income level and employment quality of the beneficiaries after adulthood.After the robustness test using PSM-DID method,the above conclusions are still robust.Also,the heterogeneity analysis shows that for female groups and non-only-child groups,the“voluntary education project”has a more significant short-term and long-term impact.