数字化对制造业集聚的作用机制及异质性分析——来自智慧城市试点的证据

Analysis on the Mechanism and Heterogeneity Effect of Digitalization on Manufacturing Agglomeration:Evidence from Smart City Pilot

数字化在重塑经济地理格局的同时,对制造业集聚产生了深远影响。通过拓展马歇尔外部性分析框架来探讨数字化对制造业集聚的潜在作用机制,提出“数字离心力—向心力”假说,并通过中国工企数据库、百度地图后台数据库与城市层面数据进行匹配,基于智慧城市试点政策综合采用双重差分法和中介效应模型实证检验了数字化对制造业集聚的作用机制及其异质性影响。研究发现:第一,数字化显著促进了制造业集聚;第二,数字化通过减少拥挤成本促进制造业集聚,通过增加数据要素投入抑制制造业集聚;第三,从行业异质性来看,数字化抑制了劳动密集型制造业集聚,促进了技术密集型制造业集聚,而对资本密集型制造业集聚无显著影响;第四,东部数字化对制造业集聚的促进效果优于中部,人力资本和金融资源强化了数字化对制造业集聚的促进作用。基于此,本文从加强智慧城市建设、协同数字化发展等方面提出政策建议。

Digitalization has had a profound impact on manufacturing agglomeration while reshaping the economic geography.By expanding the Marshall externality analysis framework to explore the potential mechanism of digitalization on manufacturing agglomeration,we propose the“digital centripetal-centrifugal force”hypothesis.Furthermore,we use difference-in-differences model and the mediation effect model to identify the mechanism.The results show that digitization significantly promotes manufacturing agglomeration.Moreover,digitization promotes manufacturing agglomeration by reducing congestion costs and inhibits manufacturing agglomeration by increasing data factor inputs.In terms of industry heterogeneity,digitalization inhibits labor-intensive manufacturing agglomeration,promotes technology-intensive manufacturing agglomeration,and has no significant effect on capital-intensive manufacturing agglomeration.Lastly,the positive effect of digitalization on manufacturing agglomeration in the east is better than that in the center,and human capital and financial resources strengthen the positive effect of digitalization on manufacturing agglomeration.Based on the conclusion,we propose strengthening the construction of smart cities and collaborative digitalization development.