“建档立卡”有助于农户收入增加吗?——兼论精准扶贫与乡村振兴有效衔接

Does“File-establishing”Help Increase Poor Households'Income?——Also on the Effective Connection Between Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization

2020年中国完成了全面脱贫,让近1亿农村贫困人口全部脱贫,832个贫困县全部摘帽。本文从收入角度研究了2015~2017年“建档立卡”精准识别的绩效;基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,并利用倾向性得分匹配和双重差分法(PSM-DID)方法来控制内生性问题,本文研究发现,“建档立卡”显著提高了农户的收入水平。其中,家庭年收入水平提高了16.17%,人均年收入提高了14.49%。如果把样本缩小到县级,“建档立卡”农户的收入增加了53.59%,人均年收入增加了49.0%。对收入结构的进一步研究表明,农户的年收入增长主要来源于农业经营补贴和农业经营收入,“建档立卡”并未促使农户参与就业。最后,根据本文的研究结论和乡村振兴战略背景,从脱贫巩固、劳动力市场参与以及乡村产业振兴三个方面提出从精准扶贫到乡村振兴有效衔接的政策建议。

In 2020,China has completed poverty alleviation,lift nearly 100 million rural poor people out of poverty and all 832 impoverished counties got rid of poverty.This paper studies the performance of accurate recognition of“file establishing”program from the perspective of income from 2015 to 2017;based on the data from the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS),propensity score matching and difference-in-indifference method(PSM-DID)methods are used to control endogenous problems.We found that the program significantly increased the income level of farmers.Among them,the family income level increased by 16.17%,and the per capita income increased by 14.49%.If the sample is limited to the county level,the income of the“fileestablishing”farmers will increase by 53.59%,and the per capita income will increase by 49.0%.Further research on the income structure shows that the income growth of farmers mainly comes from agricultural operating subsidies and agricultural operating income,and the“file establishing”did not encourage farmers to participate in employment.Finally,based on the research conclusions of this article and the background of rural revitalization strategy,the policy recommendations for the effective connection from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization are proposed from three aspects:consolidation of poverty alleviation,labor market participation,and rural industrial revitalization.