高速铁路与人才的地理区位:来自中国发明家的证据

High Speed Rail and Location of Talents:Evidence from China’s Inventor

利用2000~2015年中国城市高速铁路开通信息和国家知识产权局的发明专利信息,采用连续型双重差分和两阶段最小二乘方法,实证研究了高速铁路开通对城市发明家集聚的影响。研究结果显示:(1)城市开通高速铁路与城市发明家规模之间呈现显著的正相关关系,且该结论在一系列稳健性检验下仍然成立。具体而言,城市开通高速铁路之后,每万人中发明家数量平均增加6.627人。(2)高速铁路开通影响城市发明家规模的渠道是发明家的空间集聚效应,即开通高铁的城市可以更加便利地与更多其他城市的发明家进行知识交流和合作,这有利于高铁城市集聚更多的发明家。(3)高速铁路开通的正面影响在不同人口规模和制度环境的城市表现出异质性:在人口规模较大和制度环境较好的城市,高速铁路开通对发明家集聚的影响越大。(4)日益增多的发明家最终提升了城市整体创新能力。

Based on the information of the opening of the high-speed railway in each city and of the inventor from the Intellectual Property Office from 2000~2015,using difference-in-difference and 2 SLS method,empirically study the impact of the opening of high-speed railways on the concentration of inventors.We find that:(1)There is a significant positive correlation between the opening of high-speed railways in cities and the concentration of inventors,and this conclusion is still valid under a series of robustness tests.Specifically,when a city opened a high-speed railway,the number of inventors per 10000 people in the area would increase by 6.627 in the following years.(2)We also find human capital spatial agglomeration make more inventor agglomerated in the cities opening high-speed railway,that is to say,cities with high-speed railway can be more facilitating knowledge exchange and cooperation with more inventors in other cities.(3)More important,the positive impact of the opening of high-speed rail shows heterogeneity in different cities:in megacities and large cities and in regions with a better institutional environment,the opening of high-speed railways has a larger impact on the concentration of inventors.(4)In the end,the opening of the high-speed railway has enhanced the city’s innovation capability.