“机器换人”如何影响工人幸福感:基于2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据的分析

How Does ‘Replacing Humans with Machines’ Affect Workers’ Happiness? An Analysis of Data from China Labor Force Dynamic Survey in 2018

运用2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据,对"机器换人"、就业质量和工人幸福感三者关系进行量化研究。研究发现,"机器换人"通过影响就业质量进而对工人幸福感产生显著影响,就业质量在其中起到调节作用。"机器换人"通过提高工人工资,提升工人劳动保障来换取工人工作时间的增加和工作自主权的降低。工人在一定程度上被"机器换人"控制和异化了。企业通过增加工人工资,提升工人劳动保障来稳定工人的工作动机。"机器换人"对工人幸福感的促进作用因为工人工资的增加而得到增强,因为工作时间的增加而受到限制。"机器换人"对低技能工人产生的影响更大。因此,必须处理好人机关系的动态变化,进一步关注工人权益,积极引导"机器换人"有序推进,促进人机和谐发展。

Using the data of China Labor Force Dynamic Survey in 2018,this paper makes a quantitative study on the relationship among‘replacing humans with machines’,employment quality and Workers’happiness.The research finds that‘replacing humans with machines’has a significant impact on workers’happiness by affecting the quality of employment,in which the quality of employment plays a moderating effect.But this kind of happiness is a kind of low quality incomplete happiness.By increasing workers’income and improving workers’labor security,‘replacing humans with machines’is in exchange for the increase of workers’working hours and the reduction of their work autonomy.To a certain extent,workers are controlled and alienated by‘replacing humans with machines’.The contribution of‘replacing humans with machines’to workers’happiness is enhanced by the increase in wages and limited by the increase in working hours.In addition,the effect of‘replacing humans with machines’on workers with different skill levels show heterogeneity.Therefore,we must deal with the dynamic changes in the relationship between the government,factories and workers,actively guide the orderly advance of‘replacing humans with machines’,and promote the harmonious development of man-machine.