环境公共服务与乡村旅游经营效率:基于村域尺度的大样本

Environmental Public Service and Rural Tourism Efficiency:Based on the Data of 6008 Villages in China

生产率是乡村旅游高质量发展的核心指标,在生态文明建设的背景下,不考虑环境公共服务投入的乡村旅游经营效率测算结果可能产生偏差。本文基于第三次全国农业普查的村域尺度大样本数据,采用随机前沿模型,在考虑劳动力投入、资本投入之外,进一步考虑环境公共服务投入,以分析我国乡村旅游的经营效率及其决定因素。研究结果表明:(1)不考虑环境公共服务投入会高估我国乡村旅游的经营效率;(2)我国乡村旅游处于规模报酬递减的粗放式增长阶段;(3)环境公共服务对乡村旅游的规模扩张和效率提升都有显著的正面影响;(4)在22个因素中,特色景观、丘陵地形、山地地形、地表水、公共交通、宽带互联网、体育健身场所、高标准农田8个因素有效提升了乡村旅游经营效率;(5)村干部在乡村旅游发展中的带动作用不明显。本文基于全国的村域数据得到了更细粒化和外部效度的结论,拓展了乡村旅游经营效率的研究视角,更全面地探讨乡村旅游经营效率的决定因素,为制定乡村旅游高质量发展的政策提供决策依据。

Efficiency is the core index of high-quality development of rural tourism.Under the background of ecological civilization construction,the results of rural tourism efficiency without considering the input of environmental public service may be biased.Based on the big data of China’s third national agricultural census,the paper applies the stochastic frontier model to analyze the efficiency and its determinants of rural tourism in China.Besides labor input and capital input,environmental public service is also considered.The results show that:(1)The efficiency of rural tourism in China will be overestimated without considering the input of environmental public service.(2)China’s rural tourism is in the stage of extensive growth with decreasing returns to scale.(3)Environmental public service promote the rapid growth and high-quality development of rural tourism.(4)The congenital factors such as characteristic landscape,hilly terrain,mountainous terrain,surface water and the acquired factors such as public transport,Internet,sports venues,and high standard farmland have effectively improved the efficiency of rural tourism.(5)The leading role of village cadres in the development of rural tourism is not obvious.The paper gets the conclusion of more fine-grained and external validity,expands the research perspective of rural tourism efficiency,and provide the decision-making basis for making the policy of high-quality development of rural tourism.