不同施肥处理对果桑光合与果实品质及土壤微生物数量的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Photosynthesis,Fruit Quality and Soil Microbial Quantity of Fruit Mulberry

研究常规施肥(单施化肥)、减量施肥(有机肥代替减量化肥)、优化施肥(减量施肥基础上氮肥减量,增施有机肥和中微量元素肥料)3种施肥方式对桑树叶片净光合速率(P_n)、果实品质及土壤微生物数量的影响,为探求果桑高效施肥技术提供理论参考。结果发现,优化施肥桑树叶片P_n、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、中性转化酶活性、土壤细菌及放线菌数量等均高于减量施肥和常规施肥处理(P<005),而可溶性酸含量和可溶性酸性转化酶活性优化施肥处理显著低于常规施肥和减量施肥处理(P<005)。研究结果表明,优化施肥处理通过施肥方式的改变,增施有机肥,适量补施镁肥、硼肥、锌肥、硅肥等,可减少化肥的施用量,改善土壤理化性质,有助于提高果桑叶片光合作用及果实品质。

Effects of 3 fertilization methods,including conventional fertilization(single fertilizer),reduced fertilization(substitution of reduced fertilizer for organic fertilizer)and optimized fertilization(substitution of reduced fertilizer for organic fertilizer and appropriate trace fertilizer)on net photosynthetic rate(P_n),fruit quality and soil microbial quantity were studied to provide theoretical reference for exploring an efficient way to fertilize fruit mulberry.The results showed that when fruit mulberry was treated with optimized fertilization,P_n,SPAD value,soluble sugar content,sucrose synthase activity and neutral invertase activity in leaves,bacteria and actinomycete quantity in soil were higher than those treated with reduced fertilization and conventional fertilization(P<0.05).However,soluble acid content and soluble acid invertase activity in leaves of fruit mulberry treated with optimized fertilization were significantly lower than those treated with conventional fertilization and reduced fertilization(P<0.05).Results of this study indicated that optimized fertilization can reduce application of chemical fertilizer,improve soil physical and chemical properties,and help to improve leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of fruit mulberry by changing the fertilization method,including increase of organic fertilizer and appropriate supplement of trace fertilizer like magnesium,boron,zinc,silicon,etc.