适于条桑收获桑树新品种条桑1号的选育

Breeding of Mulberry Variety Tiaosang 1 Suitable for Harvesting Shoots

适于条桑收获的桑树品种是省力化养蚕的基础。利用耐剪伐性能好且具备良好条桑收获生物学性状的桑品种黑叶墨斗作母本,兼具高产、优质、高抗优良品种农桑12号为父本,采用人工杂交的方法,育成适于条桑收获的桑树新品种条桑1号。用传统方法收获桑叶,条桑1号产量比湖桑32号增产152%,与农桑12号相仿;用条桑方法收获桑叶,条桑1号桑叶产量比湖桑32号增产387%,比农桑12号增产391%。条桑1号条桑育养蚕万蚕产茧层量比湖桑32号增加63%,与农桑12号相仿;养蚕公斤茧用桑量比湖桑32号低70%,与农桑12号相仿。条桑1号表现出耐剪伐性能强的生理学特性,同时具有生长旺盛、发条力强、枝条细长、直立整齐、节间较密、叶片大小适中、秋叶硬化迟等农艺性状,表现出良好的条桑收获特性。条桑1号还具有较好的抗病、抗虫能力,但对桑黑枯型细菌病的抵抗力稍弱。该品种2018年获农业农村部新品种授权,适于在浙江省及其他相似生态条件蚕区栽植。

Mulberry variety suitable for harvesting shoots is the basis for the labor-saving silkworm rearing.A mulberry variety suitable for harvesting shoots,Tiaosang 1,was obtained through artifical hybridization by taking Heiyemodou with good cutting tolerance and shoot-harvesting biological characteristics as female parent,and Nongsang 12 with high yield,excellent leaf quality and strong resistance to disease as male parent.Leaf yield of Tiaosang 1 by traditional harvesting method was 15.2%more than that of Husang 32,and almost the same as that of Nongsang 12.Furthermore,leaf yield of Tiaosang1 by shoot-harvesting method was 38.7%more than that of Husang 32 and 39.1%more than that of Nongsang 12.Cocoon shell weight per 10000 larvae fed on shoots of Tiaosang 1 increased by 6.3%compared with that fed on Husang 32,almost the same as that fed on Nongsang 12.Whereas,amount of Tiaosang 1 leaves for 1 kg cocoons decreased by 7.0%compared with that of Husang 32,almost the same as that of Nongsang 12.In conclusion,Tiaosang 1 displays good biological property of cutting tolerance,and proper agronomic traits of vigorous growing,sprouting capability,slender and uniform branches,dense internodes,moderate leaf size,and late aging in autumn.Besides,Tiaosang 1 demonstrates enhanced resistance to pests and diseases,though it has relatively low resistance to mulberry black blight disease.Tiaosang 1 was authorized as a new plant variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in 2018,and was suggested to be planted in sericulture areas of Zhejiang and other areas with similar ecological environment.