黎族传统手工艺生产的性别分工及其影响探析

Analysis of the Gender Division of Labor and Its Influence in Li Ethnic Group’s Traditional Crafts

海南黎族的传统手工技艺以工艺原始为特色,其中黎锦、黎陶技艺还被誉为我国纺织和制陶的"活化石"。受特殊的社会发展进程影响,历史上黎族的生产力水平一直停留在原始阶段,使得诸多原始形态的手工技艺得以活态传承至今,而与之相适应的劳动分工则是始于原始社会的基于男女生理差异的性别分工方式。通过分析黎族古代长期实行性别分工的时代背景以及性别分工在传统手工艺生产中的具体表现,进而指出受性别分工方式的影响,黎族传统社会对个体的生存能力评价以及黎族人的婴儿礼俗、工艺礼俗、婚恋礼俗等风俗习惯都与传统手工技艺产生了重要的关联。

The traditional handicrafts of the Li ethnic group in Hainan are characterized by primitive craftsmanship.Among them,the Li brocade and Li pottery skills are also known as the"living fossils"of textiles and pottery in our country.Affected by the special process of social development,the Li ethnic group’s productivity level has always remained at the primitive stage in history,enabling many primitive forms of manual skills to be passed on to the present day,and the corresponding division of labor is based on the gender division of labor in physiological differences in primitive society.Through the analysis of the historical background of the long-term gender division of labor in the Li ethnic group and the specific performance of the gender division of labor in the traditional handicraft production,it is pointed out that the traditional society of the Li ethnic group has an evaluation of the survival ability of the individual and the infant etiquette and craft etiquette of the Li ethnic group and customs such as marriage and love etiquette have an important relationship with traditional handicrafts.