高水平对外开放如何推动我国出口产品质量升级?——基于共建“一带一路”的准自然实验

How Does High-level Opening to the Outside World Affect The Quality Upgrading of China's Export Products?--Evidence from the Quasi-natural Experiment of the“Belt and Road”Initiative

基于共建“一带一路”高质量发展的互利共赢开放战略实践背景,利用2009~2016年中国海关贸易数据库和国泰安中国上市公司数据库的匹配数据,检验了高水平对外开放对我国出口产品质量升级的影响及其作用机制。研究表明,高水平对外开放通过资源优化配置效应和纾解融资约束效应对我国企业出口产品质量存在显著的正向促进作用。即高水平对外开放能够有效激励企业选择更为理性的要素配置等方式规避资源低效率使用问题,还能通过纾解企业的融资约束促进企业出口产品质量升级。进一步研究发现,高水平对外开放对企业出口产品质量升级的影响在不同技术水平的决策单元存在明显的异质性,突出表现在对非国有企业出口产品质量升级的影响显著且高达到0.0258%,但该倡议的政策效应在加工贸易企业和混合贸易企业两类样本中并不显著,甚至对加工企业的出口产品质量具有反向作用。此外,资本负荷过重的资本密集型企业也会面临技术升级过程中固定资产更新换代不易而降低产品质量。

Based on the practical background of the win-win opening-up strategy of jointly building the“Belt and Road”high-quality development,this paper uses the matching data of China Customs Trade Database and Guotai'an China Listed Company database from 2009 to 2016 to test the impact of high-level opening-up 0n the quality upgrade of China's export products and its mechanism.The research shows that the high level of opening to the outside world has a significant positive effect on the quality of Chinese enterprises'export products by optimizing the allocation of resources and easing the financing constraint effect.In other words,high-level opening-up can effectively encourage enterprises to choose more rational allocation of factors and other ways to avoid the problem of inefficient use of resources.It can also alleviate the financing constraints of enterprises and promote the quality upgrade of enterprises'export products.Further research shows that the influence of high-level opening to the outside world on the quality upgrade of export products of enterprises has obvious heterogeneity in the decision-making units of different technical levels,which is highlighted in the significant influence on the quality upgrade of export products of non-state-owned enterprises(up to 0.0258%),but the policy effect of this initiative is not significant in the sarmples of processing trade enterprises and mixed trade enterprises.It even has a reverse effect on the quality of export products of procesing enterprises.In addition,capital-intensive enterprises with heavy capital load will also face the difficulty of upgrading fixed assets in the process of technology upgrading,which will re du uce product quality.