资源型企业跨区转移溢出效应与胁迫效应的比较测度和启示

Comparative Measure and Enlightenment of the Spillover Effect and Stress Effect of Cross-regional Transfer in Resources Enterprises

资源型企业的跨区转移是一个新兴的管理实践问题,对其可能产生的溢出效应与胁迫效应的比较分析和科学测度,是区域高质量发展战略决策的关键。基于系统工程的思想,分析了资源型企业跨区转移溢出效应与胁迫效应的形成机理,提出了“生态溢出效率”的概念与测度指标体系,运用DEA数据包络分析与非参数Malmquist指数相结合的方法,并选取中西部10省份资源型企业2007~2017年相关数据进行实证检验。研究表明:(1)东部省份资源型企业的跨区转移既产生了溢出效应,也形成了胁迫效应。(2)生态溢出效率能够有效测度资源型企业跨区转移溢出效应与胁迫效应的比较关系。(3)生态溢出效率可以分解为纯技术生态溢出效率和规模生态溢出效率,而且纯技术生态溢出效率整体上高于规模生态溢出效率。(4)生态溢出效率偏低的主要致因,依其投入冗余程度由高到低排序为废气排放量、固体废物排放量、土地压占沉陷破坏量和废水排放量。(5)西部省份的生态溢出效率低于中部省份,但其生态溢出效率的增长率高于中部省份。研究结论可为中西部省份资源产业可持续、高质量发展的相关政策制订提供理论依据。

The cross-regional transfer of resources enterprises is an emerging management practice problem.The comparative analysis and scientific measurement of the spillover effect and stress effect of resources enterprises is the key to the strategic decision of regional high-quality development.Based on the idea of systems engineering,the formation mechanism of the spillover effect and stress effect of cross-regional transfer in the resources enterprises is analyzed,the concept and measurement index system of"ecological spillover efficiency"is proposed,and the combination method of DEA data envelopment analysis and non-parametric Malmquist index is applied to select the relevant data of the resources enterprises in10 provinces in the central and western regions from 2007 to 2017 for empirical test.The results show that:(1)the cross-regional transfer of resources enterprises in eastern provinces has both spillover effect and stress effect.(2)Ecological spillover efficiency can effectively measure the comparative relationship between the spillover effect of cross-regional transfer and the stress effect of resources enterprises.(3)Ecological overflow efficiency can be decomposed into pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency,and the pure technical efficiency is generally higher than scale efficiency.(4)The main causes of low ecological overflow efficiency are exhaust emissions,solid waste emissions,land occupation subsidence damage and waste water emissions,ranked from high to low according to the degree of input redundancy.(5)The ecological overflow efficiency of western provinces is lower than that of central provinces,but the growth rate of its ecological overflow efficiency is higher than that of central provinces.The conclusion of this study can provide theoretical basis for formulating relevant policies for sustainable and highquality development of resource industry in central and western provinces.