新区建设有助于城市高质量发展转型吗?——来自90个国家级经开区(EDZs)的经验证据

Does the Construction of New Districts Help Transform the City for Quality Development?——Empirical Evidence from 90 National Economic Development Zones (EDZs)

城市新区设立和建设是中国积极扩大开放、主动实施城市产业结构升级、推动体制机制创新的重要窗口和载体。在辨析新时代城市高质量发展科学内涵和构建测度城市高质量发展水平指标体系的基础上,以90个国家级经济技术开发区为典型样本,借助面板可行最小二乘估计(FGLS)、面板拓展回归模型(ERM)和系统广义距估计方法(SYS-GMM)研究了国家级经开区建设对城市高质量发展转型的影响,结果表明:国家级经开区建设可通过集聚效应、政策效应和竞争效应对城市高质量发展产生作用,但除政策效应外,集聚效应和竞争效应均未能有助于促进城市高质量发展转型;国家级经开区设立后,开埠时长会在各个维度上增强城市发展质量,同时城市高质量发展的速度存在显著的"棘轮效应"现象;中部地区的国家级经开区在促进属地城市高质量发展效益层面最优,东部地区次之、西部地区最差,东部地区国家级经开区建设更有利于增强本地的"经济动能""创新活力""绿色发展""共享质量",而西部地区则更偏好于强化本地的"协调发展能力"和推动"高水平开放",经过稳健性检验后,结论依然成立,这为我国在六稳新形势下,进一步优化现行国家级开发区政策,推动国家级开发区实现更高更广层面的改革创新提供了相应理论和决策依据。

The establishment and construction of new urban areas is an important window and vehicle for China to actively expand openness,proactively promote the upgrading of urban industrial structure,and promote the innovation of institutional mechanism.Based on the analysis of the scientific connotation of high-quality urban development in the new era and the construction of an index system for measuring the level of high-quality urban development,we investigate the impact of the construction of national-level economic and technological development zones on urban high-quality development by taking 90 national-level economic and technological development zones as a typical sample and using panel feasible least squares estimation(FGLS),panel extended regression model(ERM)and systematic generalized estimation method(SYS-GMM).The results show that:the construction of national-level economic and development zones can have an impact on the quality of urban development through agglomeration effects,policy effects and competition effects,but apart from policy effects,neither agglomeration effects nor competition effects can help promote the transformation of high-quality urban development;after the establishment of national-level economic and development zones,the length of opening hours will enhance the quality of urban development in various dimensions,while the speed of high-quality urban development is significantly reduced.The"ratchet effect"of the phenomenon;the central region of the national economic development zones in the promotion of territorial cities of high-quality development of the benefits of the level of optimal,followed by the eastern region,the western region is the worst,the construction of national economic development zones in the eastern region is more conducive to enhance the local"economic momentum",the"economic momentum"."innovation dynamism","green development","shared quality",while the western region prefers to strengthen local"coordinated development capacity".and promoting"high level openness",the conclusion still holds after the robustness test,which provides the corresponding theoretical and decision-making basis for China to further optimize the existing national-level development zone policy and promote the reform and innovation of national-level development zones at a higher and broader level under the new situation of six stability.