创新型城市建设实现了企业创新的“增量提质”吗?——来自中国工业企业的微观证据

Does the construction of innovative cities improve the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation? Micro-evidence from Chinese industrial enterprises

创新型城市是创新人才、创新资本、创新知识等创新资源的聚集地,其发展能否提升企业创新水平对创新型国家建设有着重要影响。基于2004—2013年中国工业企业数据库和中国创新企业数据库的微观企业数据,以国家创新型城市试点政策为准自然实验,运用多时点DID方法分析了创新型城市建设对企业创新行为的影响及其内部机理。研究发现:(1)创新型城市建设显著提升了企业创新数量与创新质量,对企业创新数量的提升效应显著高于创新质量。(2)创新型城市建设通过改善创新环境、提高财政支持和缓解融资约束促进了企业创新数量和质量的提升。(3)从企业年龄和企业所有制来看,创新型城市建设对不同年龄阶段企业、国有企业与非国有企业创新数量的提升效应并无显著差异,对成长期企业和成熟期企业创新质量的提升效应显著高于初创期企业,对国有企业创新质量的提升效应显著高于非国有企业;从企业规模来看,创新型城市建设对大规模企业创新数量和创新质量的提升效应均显著高于小规模企业。研究结论验证了创新型城市建设可以激励企业创新数量和质量的提升,对于助力创新型城市建设具有启示意义。

Innovative cities are where innovative talents, innovative capital and innovative knowledge gather. Whether their development can improve the level of enterprise innovation has an important impact on the construction of an innovative country. This paper is based on the micro-enterprise data drawn from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and the Chinese Innovative Enterprise Database from 2004 to 2013. Taking the national innovative city pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment, the multi-point DID method is used to analyze the impact of innovative city construction on enterprises’ innovative behavior and the internal mechanisms that drive it. The results are as follows.(1)The construction of innovative cities has significantly improved the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation, and the improvement effect on the quantity of enterprise innovation is significantly higher than the effect on the quality of innovation.(2)The construction of innovative cities has promoted the improvement of the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation by improving the innovative environment, increasing financial support and lessening financing constraints.(3)From the perspective of enterprise age and enterprise ownership, there is no significant difference in the improvement effect of innovative city construction on the innovation quantity of enterprises at different ages, whether they are state-owned or non-state-owned. The improvement effect on the innovation quality of enterprises in the growth and mature stages is significantly higher than the effect on enterprises still at the start-up stage, and the improvement effect on the innovation quality of state-owned enterprises is significantly higher than the effect on non-state-owned enterprises. From the perspective of enterprise scale, the improvement effect of innovative city construction on the quantity and quality of innovation in large-scale enterprises is significantly higher than that in small-scale enterprises. The research conclusion verifies that the construction of innovative cities can encourage enterprises to improve the quantity and quality of their innovation, which has significance for encouraging the construction of innovative cities.