俄罗斯北极陆上钻井技术挑战与关键技术

Drilling challenges and its key technologies in Russian Arctic onshore

俄罗斯北极地区油气资源丰富,市场前景良好。了解俄罗斯北极地区陆上钻井技术挑战与关键技术,对推进我国极寒地区钻井技术进步、实现油气资源战略部署具有重要的意义。为此,通过查阅大量文献及与俄罗斯技术人员交流沟通,了解了俄罗斯在北极地区的钻井技术现状,得到了以下认识:抗风抗寒、自动化程度高、安全环保能力强的低温钻机是北极地区钻井作业的关键装备,是国内亟待突破的技术领域;作业环境恶劣、冻土层易融化、地质因素复杂、环保要求严苛,是北极陆上钻井主要的技术挑战。调研分析认为:井身结构设计技术、冻土层钻井技术、低温钻井液技术、低温固井液技术、钻井废弃物无害化处理技术是北极陆上钻井的关键技术,是实现极地油气资源高效开发的主要攻关方向。

The Russian arctic region is rich in oil and gas resources,and has a good market prospect.It is of great significance to understand the challenges and key drilling technologies in Russian Arctic onshore area,so as to promote the progress of drilling technology and realize strategic deployment of oil and gas resources in extremely cold regions in China.Therefore,the status of Russian drilling technology in the Arctic region was understood by consulting a large number of documents and communicating with Russian technicians,and the following understandings were obtained as follows.The low-temperature drilling rig is the key equipment for drilling operations in the Arctic region,which has the performance of wind and cold resistance,high automation and safe environment protection,belonging to a technical field that needs to be broken through urgently in China.The main technical challenges in Arctic onshore drilling are the harsh operating environment,easily melting permafrost,complicated geological factors and strict requirements for environmental protection.According to the investigation and analysis,the key technologies in Arctic onshore drilling include well structure design,permafrost drilling operation,low temperature drilling fluids,low temperature cementing fluids and harmless disposal for drilling wastes,which are the main research direction to realize the high-efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources in arctic area.