论欧盟人员自由流动的法律保障制度

On the Legal Guarantee System of the Free Flow of EU Personnel

本文回顾了欧盟人员实现自由流动的历史进程,分析了保障欧盟人员自由流动的法律规范和具体制度;指出了阻碍欧盟人员自由流动的主要因素,并归纳了欧盟克服人员自由流动主要障碍的成功经验。欧盟人员自由流动是建立共同市场的重要一环,是欧盟通过具体的立法以及相应的保障和监督机构共同实现的,欧盟成员国的积极配合也发挥了重要的作用。欧洲共同的文化基础、法律基础、社会基础、经济基础;欧盟层面的积极推动、成员国的利益平衡与博弈、基本原则的保障,欧盟法院大量平衡成员国之间利益的判例、对欧盟层面保障人员自由流动的法律规范的解释和修正并适用均构成欧盟保障人员自由流动的成功经验。与此同时,东西欧发展的不平衡、难民的涌入、欧债危机、非法移民、欧盟与各成员国之间的利益博弈也成为欧盟人员自由流动以及欧盟良性发展的重要挑战。

This paper reviews the historical process of realizing the free flow of EU personnel,analyzes the legal norms and specific systems to guarantee the free flow of EU personnel,points out the main factors hindering the free flow of EU personnel,and sums up the successful experience of EU in overcoming the main obstacles of free flow of personnel.The free flow of EU personnel is an important part of the establishment of the EU common market,which is jointly realized by the EU through specific legislation and corresponding safeguard and supervision institutions.Frankly,the active cooperation of EU member states in breaking through institutional barriers also plays an important role.The common cultural,legal,social and economic foundations of Europe;the active promotion at the EU level,the balance and game of the interests of Member States,the protection of basic principles,the balance of interests between the EU and member states through a large number of precedents by the European Court,and the interpretation,amendment and application of the legal norms guaranteeing the free flow of personnel at the EU level constitute the EU guarantors Successful experience of free flow of staff.The unbalanced development of eastern and Western Europe,the influx of refugees,the European debt crisis,illegal immigration,and the interest game between the EU and its member states have become important challenges to the free flow of EU personnel and the healthy development of the EU.