定制饮食与炎症性肠病研究进展

Progression of formulated diet for inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(IBD)是发生于胃肠道的慢性复发性炎症性疾病,不仅影响病人生活质量,还给社会及个人带来了沉重的经济负担。研究发现,饮食因素对IBD的影响颇为重要。因此,一些剔除可诱发肠道炎症食物、口感相对好、成本低且具有治疗效果的定制饮食(FD)方案应运而生(如特定碳水化合物饮食,低发酵性寡糖、二糖、单糖、多元醇饮食,抗炎饮食,地中海式饮食等)并取得一定的临床疗效。这些定制饮食分别从改变肠道菌群结构,调节肠道免疫,减轻食物抗原对肠道刺激等多个方面发挥着治疗作用。本文介绍了近年来各种不同定制饮食治疗IBD的进展,旨在提高临床医师对饮食治疗IBD认识。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic relapsing–remitting systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract,characterized by an inflammatory process,which not only affects the quality of life,but also brings heavy economic burden to society and individual.Dietary factors play a key role in IBD.This led to the introduction of various formulated diets(FD)with characteristics including food with pro-inflammatory components excluded,relatively good taste,low cost and therapeutic effect for IBD treatment.The FD includes specific carbohydrate diet,low fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides and polyols diet,anti-inflammatory diet,and mediterranean diet.These formulated diets play therapeutic roles in changing gut microbiota,regulating intestinal immunity and alleviating food antigens.In this article,current applications progress of various formulated diets treatments for IBD in recent years is reviewed and discussed.