由它簋盖铭文说清华简《周公之琴舞》“差寺王聪明”句的解读——兼申“成王作”中确有非成王语气《诗》

A New Analysis of the Sentence Cha Si Wang Congming in the Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscript “Zhougong Zhi Qinwu” in Light of the Ta Gui Inscription

清华简《周公之琴舞》"差寺王聪明"句,传统多读"差寺"为"佐事"或"佐持"。本文结合它簋盖铭文相近辞例,认为其中"差"当读为语词"嗟","寺"当读为"时",理解为近指代词"是",故此句当断读为"嗟!寺(时)王聪明"。由此断读,可知这明显是他人称颂时王的口吻,而此句又居"成王作"之第八启中,这说明李学勤先生当初判断"成王作"组诗中也有非成王语气确有道理。由此出发,关于《周公之琴舞》组诗的结构其实还有需要重新探讨的地方。

The word cha si差寺 in the sentence cha si wang congming差寺王聪明 in the Tsinghua bamboo manuscript "Zhougong zhi qinwu 周公之琴舞" used to be read as zuo shi佐事 or zuo chi佐持.With reference to Ta gui 它簋 inscription,this paper argues that the word cha should be read as jie 嗟 and used as a modal word,while si should be equal with shi 是,used as a proximate pronoun meaning"this".So the whole sentence should be comprehended as jie,shiwang congming 嗟!是王聪明("Ah!This King is clever."), obviously showing a tone from some other people to praise the King.However,this sentence is included in the ba qi 八启("eight odes") made by King Cheng,based on which this paper holds that further research is needed in the aspect of the structure of"Zhougong zhi qinwu".