甲骨卜辞动词之前“有”的用法考察

An Investigation of the Usage of You Before Adverbs in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

"有+动词"结构在卜辞中较为常见,学界对这一结构中"有"的词性和用法存在不同认识。有学者认为是表示强调的副词,有学者认为是完成体标记。本文坚持语法形式和语法意义相结合的原则,从贞卜语境、词语搭配、语序等方面对"有"用作副词和体标记的说法提出质疑,认为"有"在这一结构中用作存现动词,并指出存现动词"有"的宾语不仅可以是名词,还可以是动词以及动宾短语,辞义可以理解为有某种情况出现或者有某种可能性。

The structure of"you(有)+verb"are common in oracle bone inscriptions,but scholars have different opinions on the part of speech and usage of you.Some scholars think it is an adverb expressing emphasis,while others think it is a mark of perfective aspect.This paper adheres to the principle of combining grammatical form with grammatical meaning,questioning the statement that you is used as adverb and aspect marker in terms of context,collocation and word order of oracle bone inscriptions,and finally holds that you is used as an existential verb in this structure.The article also points out that the object of the existential verb you can be not only a noun,but also a verb or a verbobject phrase.Its meaning can be regarded as the appearance of a certain condition or possibility.