生计适应与生态移民社区可持续发展——以果洛藏族自治州玛沁县生态移民社区为例

Livelihood Adaptation and Sustainable Development of Ecological Migration Communities——Taking the Ecological Migration Community in Maqin County,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an Example

政策性移民与其他移民相区别的主要特征是以政府为主导的移民,因此,对于生态移民社区的可持续发展问题需要将政府与移民双主体纳入讨论的维度。在以生态移民工程为背景的情形下,有必要对移民生计适应过程中政府与移民的角色及作用进行一些思考。文章以三江源生态移民群体的生计适应过程作为研究对象,发现移民、政府及外部环境共同作用于移民的生计选择,尤其是政府政策对移民群体生计适应与变化具有重要影响,移民的生计选择依政府政策的变化,而在不同时期出现不同的变化趋势。文章以此探讨生态移民背景下实现移民社区可持续发展的路径和机制,提出政府政策与移民群体能动性的有机结合,对生态移民社区的可持续发展具有重要作用。

The primary essential characteristic of the difference between policy-based migration and other migrations is that policy-based migration is involuntary migration.It is on this basis that the sustainable development of ecological migration communities needs to include both the government and migrants in the discussion.Under the irreversible development trend of the ecological resettlement project,it is necessary to re-examine the role and function of the government and migrants in the process of livelihood adaptation of migrants.This paper takes the livelihood adaptation process of the ecological migrant groups in the Sanjiangyuan as the research object and finds that migrants,the government and the external environment jointly affect the livelihood choices of migrants.In particular,government policies have an important impact on the livelihood adaptation and changes of migrant groups.The livelihood choices of migrants vary according to the changes of government policies but have different trends in different periods.This paper discusses the path and mechanism of sustainable development of migrant communities under the background of ecological migration.