试论藏传佛教中国化的四个维度

On the Four Dimensions of Developing Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese Context

坚持我国宗教中国化是新时代宗教工作及其研究的重大课题。藏传佛教中国化有悠久的历史传统,自佛教传入我国西藏以来,经过藏族古贤对印度佛教的戒律传承进行选择性吸收,对哲学理论思想进行理性审视,对于传承制度、仪式仪轨的吸收及改变等过程,逐步实现了藏传佛教的中国化。近年来,在学界和宗教界关于藏传佛教中国化的研讨不但有新的汉藏文史料披露,而且有诸多不同观点的碰撞,这是藏传佛教中国化的研究向纵深推进的重要标志。笔者在以往研究成果的基础上,以可靠的藏文文献资料为依据,试图从藏传佛教经典文本的藏语化、阐释方式的多元化、各教派思想传承的中国化、适应社会主义社会的时代化四个维度,勾勒藏传佛教中国化的历史脉络、思想内容和现实特点。

Adhering to developing religions in the Chinese context is a major issue in religious work and research in the new era.In recent years,new Chinese and Tibetan historical materials have been revealed,as well as the collision of many different views.This is an important symbol that the research on the development of Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese context is advancing in depth.On the basis of the research results and reliable Tibetan literatures,the author tries to outline the historical context and realistic characteristics of developing Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese context from four dimensions,i.e.,the use of Tibetan language for Tibetan Buddhist classics,the diversification of interpretation methods,the localization of the ideological inheritance of various sects,and the modernization of adapting to the socialist society.