夏鲁寺元代壁画作者钦·索南本相关问题考证——以文献《钦氏诸格西历史》为中心

Textual Research on mChims bSod nams vbum,the Mural Artist in Zha lu Monastery in the Yuan Dynasty:Centered on the dGe bavi bshes gnyen mchims pa rnams kyi lo rgyus yod(A History of the Scholars in mChims Family)

钦·索南本是西藏绘画史上最杰出的画家之一,他在夏鲁寺佛殿内绘制的7铺壁画被誉为具有尼泊尔风格的典范之作,7铺壁画均署有钦·索南本的名字,因此他也是在作品上留名的为数不多的古代藏族画家之一。文章以《钦氏诸格西历史》和《钦·南喀扎传记》两部藏文历史文献为材料,对夏鲁寺元代壁画作者钦·索南本家族、居住地以及画家身份等问题进行了考证。钦·索南本出生在古老的钦氏家族,在邦国时期钦氏是工布地方的首领,因平民起义迁徙到雅隆;吐蕃时期钦氏与王室联姻成为吐蕃豪门贵族,为“三大外戚家族”之一,显赫一时;吐蕃政权灭亡后,钦·相布拉迁徙至后藏年堆达策地方。此后钦氏致力于佛学和讲传《阿毗达摩俱舍论》,成为年楚河流域六大书香门第之一,家族中涌现出了钦·南喀扎等多位著名学者,钦·索南本或是钦·南喀扎的弟弟。

mChims bSod nams vbum is one of the most outstanding painters in the history of Tibetan painting.The seven exquisite murals he painted on the wall of the Zha lu Monastery are praised as exemplary works.The seven murals are all signed by mChims bSod nams vbum,so he is one of the few Tibetan painters to leave the name on his paintings.Based on two newly discovered Tibetan historical texts,dGe bavi bshes gnyen mchims pa rnams kyi lo rgyus yod and mChims Nam mkhav grags kyi rnam thar,this paper investigates the origin,residence and identity of the painter of the murals of the Yuan Dynasty in the Zha lu Monastery.The ancestors of mChims bSod nams vbum were the leaders of Kong po but moved to Yar klung because of the uprising of the people.During the Tubo period,the mChims family married with the Tubo royal family and became one of the three great Tubo families.After the collapse of the Tubo regime,mChims Zhang bu legs moved to sTag tshal in Myang stod.After that,the mChims family devoted himself to Buddhism and preached Abhidharma-kos'a,and became one of the first six schools of scholars in the Nianchu River basin.There were many famous scholars in the family,such as mChims Nam mkhav grags.The mChims family is also a family that has inherited craftsmanship.mChims bSod nams vbum could have been the younger brother of mChims Nam mkhav grags.