拉萨版《布顿全集》和《甘珠尔》木质雕版校刻的经过及相关藏文历史档案考述

On the Process of Collating and Engraving for the Xylographs of Bu ston gsung vbum and the Lhasa Version of bKav vgyur and Discussion on the Related Tibetan Historical Archives

公元1918—1927年,由十三世达赖喇嘛土登嘉措(1876—1933)亲自主持,先后新刻并校勘《布顿全集》和《甘珠尔》木质雕版,分别勘定28函和100函,并于1926年在布达拉宫西侧哲布顶专门创建雪印经院“雪域利众宝库”,主要收集和保存以上两部佛教经典之全部木质雕版,开始大量印刷14世纪佛教高僧布顿·仁钦珠(1290—1364)的文集(包括其高徒扎采巴·仁钦朗杰的文集)和《甘珠尔》,流通甚广,并以拉萨版《甘珠尔》和《布顿文集》著称于世,成为十三世达赖喇嘛时期西藏宗教文化事业方面的一件大事。然而,除了普觉·土登强巴楚成旦增撰写、成书于1940年的《第十三世达赖喇嘛传·奇妙珠宝串》等藏文传记有简略零星的论述外,鲜见学界专门论述该事的文章。文章以现保存于西藏自治区档案馆的有关藏文历史档案为基础,并结合传记和其他藏文文献的有关记载,梳理和分析十三世达赖喇嘛时期先后新刻并校勘《布顿全集》和《甘珠尔》木质雕版的时间、经过、主要参与人员、薪俸银钱支出、木质雕版数量及其材料等具体情况。

Under the arrangement and organization of the thirteenth Dalai Lama Thub-bstan rGya-mtsho(1876-1933),the project of collating and engraving for the xylographs of the Bu ston gsung vbum and the Lhasa version of bKav vgyur was implemented from 1918 to 1927,edited into 28 volumes and 100 volumes respectively.The printing institute called"Treasure House of Snow-covered Land"was specially established on the west side of the Potala Palace in 1926,and it mainly collected and preserved all wood blocks of the above two Buddhist classics.It stated printing the works of Tibetan Buddhist master Bu-ston Rin-chen-grub(1290-1364)(including the works of his disciple sGra-tshad-pa Rin-chen rNam-rgyal,1318-1388)and bKav vgyur,which circulated widely,and became a grand feat of the religious and cultural undertakings in Tibet during the period of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama.However,apart from the brief and sporadic expositions in the biographies such as the Biography of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama:Wonderful Jewelry String written by Phurlcog Thub bstan byams pa tshul khrims bstan vdzin in 1940,so far there are few special discussions on this.Based on the relevant Tibetan historical archives now preserved in the Tibet Autonomous Region Archives,it combined with the relevant records of biographies and other Tibetan literatures,combed and analyzed the specific details of the newly engraved and collated xylographs of Bu ston gsung vbum and bKav vgyur,such as the time,process,main participants,salary and money expenditure,number of wood carvings and their materials,etc.