1940年代初期国民政府驻藏办事处职员的日常生活——以戴新三《拉萨日记》为中心

On the Daily Life of the Staffs of the National Government’s Officers in Tibet in the Early 1940s——Focusing on Dai Xinsan’s Lhasa Diary

由于研究资料的缺乏,抗战时期国民政府驻藏办事处职员的生活状况,在既有研究中几乎未有关注。随着驻藏办事处第二科科长戴新三《拉萨日记》的发现,以及中国台湾地区《蒙藏委员会驻藏办事处档案选编》等相关历史档案的公布,为学界研究民国时期尤其是抗战时期国民政府驻藏办事处职员的日常生活,提供了进一步深入的可能。解读戴新三《拉萨日记》等珍贵涉藏民国文献,可以还原1940年代初期驻藏办事处职员及其家庭在拉萨的工作、个人收入与生活状况等多方面细部,进而分析对于其职员工作的心态、驻藏办事处之工作成效的影响,亦可窥见民国政府与西藏地方各民族交往交流交融的某些方面,并进而检讨当时中央政府治藏政策之缺失,为当今之西藏地区的社会治理、边疆治理体系的现代化与治理能力的提升,尤其是工作人员派遣、政策保障等,提供历史借鉴。

Due to the lack of historical materials,the living conditions of the staffs of the National Government’s Office in Tibet during the Anti-Japanese War were hardly concerned in the existing studies.With the discovery of the Lhasa Diary written by Dai Xinsan(1907—1997),the chief of the second section of the Tibet Office,and the publication of relevant historical archives such as the selected archives of the Tibet Office of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission in Taiwan of China,it is possible for the academic circles to study the daily lives of the staffs of the Tibet office during the Republic of China,especially during the period of AntiJapanese War.By exploring Dai Xinsan’s Lhasa Diary and other valuable documents related to the Republic of China,we can restore many details of the work,personal income and living conditions of the staffs of the Tibet Office and their families in Lhasa in the early 1940s,and then analyze their impact on the mentality of the staff and the effectiveness of the Tibet Office in Lhasa.In addition,we can also glimpse some aspects of the exchange and interaction between various ethnic groups in Tibet during the period of the Republic of China,and then we can reflect on the shortcomings of the central government’s policy of governing Tibet at that time.In general,this paper might provide historical experience for today’s governance in Tibet,the modernization of governance system of the border area and the improvement of governance capacity,especially the personnel dispatch and policy guarantee etc.