挪威传统木质农场的表型和基因型——挪威最小居民点的空间句法分析

Phenotypes and Genotypes of Traditional Norwegian Wooden Farms:Space Syntax Analyses of Norway’s Smallest Settlement Units

传统挪威农场中木质建筑的空间布局体现了挪威最小居民点单元的布局形式。这些农场通常由几座包含一或两个功能的建筑组成,其布局受木材的长度和取暖难度的影响。本文对12个农场历史地图的原始空间布局进行了视觉关系分析(VGA)、所有线分析和线段分析等空间句法分析。结果表明,农场中整合程度最高的空间都与名为stugu(起居屋)的主要生活建筑的位置有关。从stugu中,农场的主人可以获得最大的视野,从拓扑上来说,有着通往其他所有建筑的最短路线。此外,空间句法分析表明,3个被识别的农场表型也有3个不同的基因型,这是受农场所处景观类型的影响。使用希利尔的最简空间关系类型[1]进行分类,排式农场符合线性b型空间组织,方形农场、圆形农场符合c型空间组织,集群式农场符合d型空间组织。本文对5个农场进行了详细的空间分析,并证明,农场中stugu的数量决定了“环”的数量或建筑之间的空间布局。

The spatial arrangement of wood buildings of traditional Norwegian farms represents the smallest settlement units in Norway.The length of the timber and the required energy use for heating influenced the arrangement of Norwegian farms.Typically,they consisted of a group of several buildings containing one or two functions.Historic maps were used to conduct the following Space Syntax analyses of the original spatial layout of 12 farms:VGA analyses,all-line analyses,and segment analyses.As the results show,the highest integrated spaces of all farms are related to the location of the primary living building,named“stugu”.From the stugu the head of the farm has the largest overview and,topologically,the shortest routes to all the other buildings.Moreover,the Space Syntax analyses showed that the three identified phenotypes of the farms also have three different genotypes,which is influenced by the type of landscape where the farm is located.When using Hillier’s types of the simplest spatial relationships[1],the b-type applies to the row farm,whereas the c-type applies to the square farm and the circular farm,and the d-type to the cluster farm.In this paper,detailed spatial analyses of five farms are presented.As it turns out,the number of stugu’s on a farm determines the number of“rings”or the spatial arrangement between the buildings.