大数据在重大行政决策中的应用及其法治化

Application of Big Data in Major Administrative Decision-making and Its Legalization

大数据在重大行政决策领域的应用,属于技术理性与决策规则的有机融合。凭借信息来源与技术革新,大数据可赋予传统决策向数字化转型的新动能。大数据的应用贯穿于重大行政决策始终,在市场监管、环境保护等多类事项中所发挥的实践优势较为明显,能够推动决策的高效化、提升决策的精准度、增强决策机关之间的联动。然而,大数据应用可能会引发决策安全的隐忧、个人数据存在的空间被挤压以及决策失误的责任承担等难题。对前述问题提出对策的过程,实乃数据治理向治理数据的转变,此阶段不能欠缺法律法规的引导,应尝试从决策数据安全体系的法治保障、个人数据的法律保护、决策责任追究机制的科学建构等层面去推动大数据应用的法治化。

The application of big data in the field of important administrative decision-making belongs to the organic integration of technical rationality and decision-making rules. With the help of information sources and technological innovation,big data can give new momentum to the transformation from traditional decision-making to digital decision-making.The application of big data can run through major administrative decision-making. It has obvious practical advantages in market supervision,environmental protection and other matters. It can promote the efficiency of decision-making,improve the accuracy of decision-making and enhance the linkage between decision-making organs. However, the application of big data may cause some problems,such as the hidden worries of decision-making security,the squeezing of the space for personal data and the responsibility for decision-making errors. The process of solving the above problems is the transformation from data governance to governance data. At this stage,there should be no lack of legal norms. Government departments should try to promote the legalization of big data application from the legal protection of decisionmaking data security system,the legal protection of personal data,and the scientific construction of decision-making accountability mechanism.