依山建筑的室内热环境测试分析——以重庆大学设计创意产业园七号楼为例

Test and Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment of Buildings Leaning Mountains——A Case Study of Building No.7 of the Design and Creative Industry Park of Chongqing University

根据中国建筑节能协会发布的《中国建筑能耗报告(2022)》,建筑碳排放占全国能源碳排放的21.9%,而在建筑能耗中,空调能耗又约占2/3左右。空调系统设计和配置的优化对降低整个建筑物的能耗显得十分重要,而山地建筑由于其地形的特殊性,若采用传统的负荷计算方式,势必会增大建筑整体冷负荷。该文以典型山地城市重庆市某靠近山体的五层办公建筑为研究对象,采用HOBO UX100系列温湿度测试仪,其温度测量范围可达-20℃~70℃,测试精度为±0.21℃。由于仅针对山地建筑热环境的描述,因此只考虑温度的测量,测试间隔为15min。为了准确反应出山体对于建筑室内热环境的影响,在室内外选取了一系列具有代表性的测点。通过连续多日的温度监测,比较其不同建筑邻域形态、不同高度及建筑内外的逐时和逐日的温度差异,对邻山房间与非邻山房间进行室内热环境分析,从房间高度变化、太阳辐射影响等各维度得出室内热环境变化规律。根据室内热环境测试结果分析,山体的遮挡对于室内气温有显著影响,并且邻近山体的房间通过太阳辐射得热形成的冷负荷和通过围护结构传热形成的冷负荷较其余房间有所减小。研究成果可为今后类似的山地建筑暖通空调负荷计算提供参考。

According to China Building Energy Consumption Report(2022)issued by the China Building Energy Conservation Association,the building carbon emissions account for 21.9%of the national energy carbon emissions,and in the building energy consumption air conditioning energy consumption accounts for about 2/3.The optimization of the design and configuration of the air conditioning system is very important to reduce the energy consumption of the whole building.Due to the particularity of the terrain of mountainous buildings,if the traditional load calculation method is adopted,the overall cooling load of the building will inevitably increase.Taking a five-story office building built leaning a mountain in the typical mountainous city Chongqing as the research object,this paper employed the temperature and humidity tester of the HOBO UX100 series,whose temperature measurement range can reach-20℃~70℃,with the test accuracy of±0.21℃.Since it is only for the description of the thermal environment of mountainous buildings,only the measurement of temperature is considered,with the test interval of 15 minutes.In order to accurately reflect the influence of the mountain on the indoor thermal environment of the building,a series of representative measuring points were selected indoors and outdoors.Through a continuity of monitoring on temperatures for quite a few days,the hourly and daily temperature differences of different building neighborhood shapes,different heights,and inside and outside the building were compared,obtaining the change rule of the indoor thermal environment from various dimensions such as the change in room height,the influence of solar radiation,etc.According to the test results of the indoor thermal environment showed that the shading of the mountain has a significant impact on the indoor temperature,and the cooling load formed by the solar radiation heat and the cooling load formed by the heat transfer through the envelope structure of the rooms adjacent to the mountain are lower than those of the other rooms.The research results can provide reference for the calculation of HVAC loads in similar mountainous buildings in the future.