矿山地质灾害治理及生态环境修复措施

Mine geological disaster control and ecological environment restoration measures

矿山开采对生态环境影响很大,加强矿山地质灾害治理和生态环境修复十分必要。分析了矿山地质特征及常见的地质灾害,如滑坡、泥石流、采空区坍塌等。提出了治理修复的一些具体方式和手段,一是利用土地复垦技术改善土地生态环境质量,强化资源利用效率。分析了坡度小于30°时、坡角在45°~60°之间的、坡角在60°~90°之间的各种情况。其次是土壤整顿修复技术。在土壤整治修复过程中,一般需要对尾矿、废石、土壤等进行分离处理。这主要是为了最大限度地利用资源。可以采用物理、生物、化学等方法进行土壤整治修复,达到良好的修复效果,提高生态环境效益。最后,植树造林和恢复技术。从尾矿库的角度来看,阶梯边坡可用于造林修复;排土场和尾矿库的造林修复有很多相似之处,都是为了降低坡度进行切坡,一般都是在35°之后,但在造林修复中,需要清理其表面的大石头。对于矿坑,修复过程中需要对矿山边坡基面进行深沟开挖。其目的是改善生态环境质量,取得良好的经济效益和环境效益。

Mining has a great impact on the ecological environment,so it is necessary to strengthen the management of mine geological disasters and the restoration of the ecological environment.This paper analyzes the geological characteristics of the mine and the common geological disasters,such as landslide,debris flow,gob collapse and so on.Some specific ways and means of treatment and restoration are put forward.The first is to use land reclamation technology to improve the quality of land ecological environment and strengthen the efficiency of resource utilization.When the slope is less than 30°,the slope angle is between 45°and 60°and the slope angle is between 60°and 90°are analyzed.The second is soil remediation technology.In the process of soil rectification and restoration,tailings,waste rocks,soil,etc.generally need to be separated and treated.This is mainly to maximize the use of resources.Physical,biological,chemical and other methods can be used to rectify and repair the soil,so as to achieve a good repair effect and improve the benefits of the ecological environment.Finally,afforestation and restoration technology.From the perspective of tailings pond,the stepped slope can be used for afforestation and restoration;There are many similarities between the afforestation and restoration of waste dump and tailings pond.They are all cut to reduce the slope,usually after 35°,but in the afforestation and restoration,it is necessary to clean the large stones on its surface.For the pit,deep trench excavation is required for the foundation surface of the mine slope during the repair process.Its purpose is to improve the quality of ecological environment and achieve good economic and environmental benefits.